Italy's Meloni suspends defence cooperation deal with Israel

Israel downplays impact, says Italy agreement lacks substance and security will not be affected

Italy's Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni listens to debate, after she reported on her government’s actions and is expected to speak on the latest developments in Iran, at the lower house of Parliament in Rome, Italy, Apr 9, 2026. REUTERS/Remo Casilli/File Photo

Italy's Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni said on Tuesday her government had suspended a defence cooperation deal with Israel, reflecting frayed ties between previously close allies as the conflicts in the Middle East continue.

Meloni's right-wing government has been one of Israel's closest friends in Europe, but in recent weeks it has criticised its attacks on Lebanon, which have killed hundreds and injured thousands.

Israel also fired warning shots last week at Italian troops serving in Lebanon under a UN mandate, causing damage to a vehicle.

"When there are things we don't agree with, we act accordingly," Meloni told reporters on the sidelines of a wine fair in Verona, northern Italy.

"In light of the current situation, the government has decided to suspend the automatic renewal of the defence agreement with Israel," she added.

Meloni's announcement marked another diplomatic realignment for her right-wing government, coming a day after she criticised another close ally, US President Donald Trump, for his attacks on Pope Leo.

A source close to the matter, who requested anonymity, said Meloni took the decision on Monday with her foreign and defence ministers, Antonio Tajani and Guido Crosetto, as well as Deputy Prime Minister Matteo Salvini.

Israel's foreign ministry played down the consequences.

"We have no security agreement with Italy. We have a memorandum of understanding from many years ago that has never contained any substantive content. This will not affect Israel's security," it said in a statement.

Meloni Changes Tack

Meloni has been in power since 2022 and will face a general election by late 2027.

"It's a repositioning," Lorenzo Castellani, political historian at Rome's Luiss University, told Reuters.

"She's afraid that a sizeable portion of the electorate, even among the centre-right, will become highly critical of Trump and Netanyahu and of the effects of this war on Iran on the economy," he added.

Italy's opposition parties had long called for a stop to the deal with Israel.

Signed in 2003 by the government of then Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi, the memorandum entered into force in 2006 and was subject to automatic renewals every five years unless one of the parties withdraws.

It spans fields including procurement, training and the "import, export and transit of defence and military equipment".

As diplomatic tensions have risen, Rome last week summoned the Israeli ambassador to protest over the incident involving Italian troops in Lebanon. Then on Monday, the government of Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu summoned the Italian ambassador "to discuss the situation in Lebanon".