Heavy rain hit Warner Park at St Kitts when Bangladesh were batting after they won the toss.
Tamim Iqbal (11) and Anamul Haque (19) were on the middle as the tourists accumulated 31 runs without any loss in 4.4 overs.
The math officials inspected the outfield for the last time more than two hours later and decided that the conditions were not good enough even for a shortened match.
Besides the downpour, the ground staff had to battle strong winds, which left them struggling to control the covers early on. The extra time they took to cover the surface allowed the deluge to drench the pitch.
There was also trouble with the floodlights which hampered the work of the ground staff after the rain stopped.
Bangladesh lost the ODI series 3-0 to the hosts.
The first match of the two-Test series between the two sides is scheduled to start from Sep 5 at the Warner Park.