They had fled across the border to Bangladesh amid heavy fighting between the Myanmar military and rebel insurgents in Rakhine
The president took a VVIP flight of Biman Bangladesh Airlines to London at 9am on Wednesday.
Minister for Liberation War Affairs AKM Mozammel Haque, Agriculture Minister Abdur Razzak and Foreign Minister AK Momen bid him farewell at the airport.
The president will receive eye treatment in Moorfields Eye Hospital in London and undergo a health screening in Bupa Cromwell Hospital.
He will then fly to Frankfurt in Germany following the screening.
He is likely to return home on May 26 following the trip, said his Press Secretary Md Joynal Abedin.
President Hamid, 75, has been battling glaucoma for a long time. He made regular trips Singapore for treatment while he served as speaker in the national parliament.