The 27-year-old left-hander played the last of his five Tests for India against England in 2011 and has been rewarded for scoring heavily in the domestic season.
Regular wicketkeeper Wriddhiman Saha also returned to the 16-man squad after missing the last three Tests of the five-match series against England. Partiv Patel, who stepped in for Saha, was dropped.
Batsman Ajinkya Rahane and all-rounders Jayant Yadav and Hardik Pandya also returned to the squad after suffering injuries during the series against England.
Fast bowler Mohammed Shami, who missed the last two Tests against England with a leg injury, was not selected.
India will then play four Tests against Australia starting at the end of next month.
Squad:
Virat Kohli, Murali Vijay, KL Rahul, Cheteshwar Pujara, Ajinkya Rahane, Karun Nair, Wriddhiman Saha, Ravichandran Ashwin, Ravindra Jadeja, Jayant Yadav, Umesh Yadav, Ishant Sharma, Bhuvneshwar Kumar, Amit Mishra, Abhinav Mukund, Hardik Pandya