Abdur Rahim, 35, came to Bangladesh on a Qatar flight on July 7, airport officials said.
He went to the airport on early Sunday to retrieve two bags, Assistant Commissioner (Customs) Israt Jahan Ruma said.
Around Rs 5 million in cash were found concealed in the bags.
However, it was not immediately clear whether the banknotes were fake or real and whether the man holding a Pakistani passport was a member of a racket.